In the Power Standards of EN15194, the maximum rated power of an e-bike is 250 w. Operating power will normally be less as assistance is cut off above a speed of 25 km/h or when the rider stops pedaling.
Power at the driving wheel (or wheels) for the whole e-bike will be less than the motor’s rated output due to transmission losses, wheel-spoke distortion, tyres and so on.
If the e-bike’s maximum output power is 250 w, the motor’s maximum output power should be about 320 w. The motor’s maximum output power is thus related to the e-bike’s design; so transmission losses should be reduced as far as possible, allowing limited battery resources to be used efficiently.
When you have the following conditions: speed of 25 km/h, flat road, rider’s weight approx. 75 kg, wind speed Force 3 or less, the motor power is between 150 w and 250 w – as determined by the rider’s pedaling power and the controller’s setting. When going uphill or with an increased weight or stronger headwind, the motor draws more power.
Mechanical noise:
Electromagnetic noise:
The main reason is bad matching of motor and controller. A sine-wave current from the controller is better than a square wave, and induces less noise.
The communication protocol is a software standard between the system controller CPU and parts of the CPU, and also the platform of the standard’s implementation.
Current protocol platform: RS232, CAN, Lin-bus, I2C, 485, etc. The particular machine codes depend on the actual circuit design and appropriate communication. Each communication protocol’s effect is the same, transitive content is almost same.
code | underlying fault | code | underlying fault |
---|---|---|---|
09 | Phase short circuit or open circuit | 30 | Communication abnormality of controller and display |
04 | Throttle not returning to zero state | 10 | Controller overheat |
05 | Throttle hallsensor abnormality | 11 | Abnormality of temperature sensor in controller |
06 | Low voltage protection | 12 | Current sensor abnormality |
07 | Over voltage protection | 21 | Speed sensor abnormality |
08 | Hallsensor abnormality or open circuit | 22 | Communication abnormality in BMS |